On Friday, May 15, during the SMSNA 31st Annual Scientific Program at AUA, Dr. Jessica Yih discussed alternative options for the treatment of low sexual desire in both men and women.

Dr. Yih stresses that low libido and hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) are extremely common. This can be related to testosterone; however, testosterone may not always be effective in treating these sexual dysfunctions.

Dr. Yih discussed the potential negative side to GLP-1 receptor agonists, as they may impair sexual function across multiple areas, especially low libido and orgasmic disorder. This is likely due to rapid weight loss and serotonergic effects of these medications. '

Scream creams and vaginal estrogen are useful but should be used carefully in treating non-libido-related sexual dysfunction first. Scream creams have inconsistent dosages and may be more difficult to come by.

Bremolanotide is historically used to treat women. However, more men are approaching their clinicians to ask about it. Unfortunately, the intranasal formulation was barred for use with men by the FDA; however, it could be helpful in creating sexual desire and arousal for men and women of all ages. Flinbanserin is approved for HSDD in premenopausal women, but with further investigation may be useful in the future.

Dr. Yih urges clinicians to consider patients' current medication when diagnosing and treating sexual dysfunction. Be aware of GLP-1 medications, be careful with scream creams and vaginal estrogen so as to target their non-libido-related sexual dysfunction, and start prescribing bremolanotide to all patients.

On Friday, May 15, during the SMSNA 31st Annual Scientific Program at AUA, Dr. Carolyn Salter discussed lesser-used hormone therapies for sexual function.

Dr. Salter discussed DHEA with regard to the previous controversy, as brought forth by the FDA, and concerns over testosterone and body composition changes. Tests in both young and older men have shown DHEA can be effective in short-term use cases, although not much research has been conducted. 5 alpha reductase inhibitors may worsen sexual dysfunction and do not improve testosterone levels.

SARMs are currently not FDA-approved and are designed to mimic testosterone. SARMs have had significant patient satisfaction and public interest, despite adverse effects and increased risk for infertility, body composition changes, and lack of improvement.

Dr. Salter does not recommend 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and advises caution with regard to SARMs and DHEA.

On Friday, May 15, during the SMSNA 31st Annual Scientific Program at AUA, Dr. Run Wang, ISSM President, discussed erectile function following pelvic oncologic therapy.

Dr. Wang, speaking on behalf of the ISSM, introduced several novel techniques for erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence that could be helpful for patients who've also had pelvic surgery or radiation. He introduced a single perineal incision for inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement and male sling or artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement, which can treat erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence simultaneously; Drs Wang and Tobias Kohler found this method to be clinically significant compared with a penoscrotal approach.

Penile length is important to patients, meaning that focus on reconstruction for length is important to consider. Dr. Wang found that measuring penile stretching before surgery did not affect patient satisfaction post-operatively, and vacuum erection devices can assist with increasing penile length preoperatively. Dr. Wang recommends a sliding technique with ventral incision through the long ventral penile incision - however, the SMSNA states this is an experimental approach only.

On Friday, May 15, during the SMSNA 31st Annual Scientific Program at AUA, Mark Edney, MD, MBA, FACS; Tobias Kohler, MD, MPH, FACS; Congressman Greg Murphy, MD; and Eugene Rhee, MD, MBA, provided insights into the background and driving factors behind the bill to establish a U.S. Office of Men's Health, including key disparities and policy considerations that led to its development.

Dr. Kohler explained that the health gap has been widening since 1963, the last year when men’s and women’s life spans were the same. He stated that men’s longevity has been struggling but can be improved upon, noting that since the inception of the U.S. Office of Women’s Health, mortality and cancer rates have reduced significantly. There are currently a multitude of men’s health services; however, these would be more organized under the umbrella of the Office of Men’s Health, according to Dr. Kohler. He stated that the American Urological Association (AUA) and Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) are uniquely positioned to provide mental, physical, and sexual health services to men beyond pediatric age.

Dr. Edney described the history behind the inception of the bill to establish an Office of Men’s Health, stating that members of both the SMSNA and AUA have been discussing the development of an Office of Men’s Health in casual conversation for years. He said the first step in working toward an Office of Men’s Health is to assess public and political perception, harnessing the energy behind these conversations to develop a bill. The AUA Public Policy Committee has been working with the U.S. Congress to establish this bipartisan bill.

Dr. Rhee emphasized the importance of research and education for policy development, especially surrounding men’s health. “The time is now. Because if it’s not us, then who?” he asked. With anecdotes about men who did not know their own bodies, Dr. Rhee called on the SMSNA personally to consider how to bring men forward through education, especially when reaching out to perform studies on issues like cardiovascular disease, testosterone fluctuations, and more.

Congressman Dr. Murphy explained the process of submitting the bill to establish the Office of Men’s Health, advocating for discussion and securing co-sponsors within the U.S. Congress. He stressed that physicians should remember to advocate for themselves and their patients, moving beyond the clinic level to the state legislative level and beyond. He explained that there were critiques due to the misunderstanding that this would take resources from the Office of Women’s Health, which Dr. Murphy stressed would not happen. He stated that continuous political and monetary advocacy is crucial to the passage of this bill, if not this year, then in the near future.

Last week, the United States' Health and Human Services (HHS) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held a press conference to announce the removal of the black box warnings on estrogen-based hormone therapy, recognizing its safety when used appropriately. Members of the SMSNA, particularly those in the Female Sexual Function Committee, played an active role in advocating for this update.

The SMSNA has released a new statement supporting the integration of advanced practice providers into clinical practice. As the scope of APP responsibilities has widened over the past several decades, SMSNA recognizes the value of their contributions and importance to sexual healthcare. Read the full statement here: https://www.smsna.org/resources/position-statements

At the second day of the 26th SMSNA Annual Fall Scientific Meeting, Drs. Jonathan Clavell-Hernandez, Martin Gross, and Robert J. Valenzuela, discussed strategies for counseling patients to improve post-implant satisfaction. Their focus included managing second-opinion consultations, addressing concerns about infection risk, and setting expectations around girth and length restoration.

For patients seeking a second opinion after an initial implant, Dr. Clavell-Hernandez emphasized the importance of validating the patient’s emotions; such as anxiety, embarrassment, disappointment, sadness, or anger about the outcome of their procedure. He advised clinicians to clearly explain what aspects can and cannot be corrected and to set realistic expectations, reminding patients that complications are possible with any surgical procedure.

Dr. Gross addressed the increased risk of infection with revision surgeries, underscoring the need to communicate this risk clearly and calmly. He emphasizedthat all implanted devices carry some risk of infection and encouraged providers to explain the level of risk specific to the patient's case, along with available options for managing post-operative infections. He also reminded surgeons that the responsibility for infection prevention lies primarily with them.

Dr. Valenzuela highlighted the importance of involving patients throughout the pre- and post-operative process to increase satisfaction. Key points from his talk included introducing vacuum erection and traction devices before surgery, establishing post-operative protocols early, discussing desired outcomes, and evaluating whether additional surgical maneuvers are necessary. These may include cavernosal sparing, adjunct soft tissue techniques, advanced tunical lengthening, and addressing glans hypermobility.

Collectively, all three speakers emphasized the importance of clear, honest communication, setting realistic expectations, and working collaboratively with patients to achieve optimal post-operative outcomes.

At the second day of the 26th SMSNA Annual Fall Scientific Meeting, Dr. Jessica Yih highlighted important considerations regarding male and female sexual dysfunction as barriers to conception. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in males seeking care for infertility, while dyspareunia, or pain during intercourse, is frequently observed in females undergoing fertility treatment. Dr. Yih suggests that these issues are often linked to the heightened anxiety surrounding fertility and family planning.

Clinicians and fertility specialists should evaluate both partners. For the female partner, a thorough pelvic and vulvar examination is recommended, with specific attention to the vestibule and pelvic floor tension, as these may be sources of pain. The most common causes of dyspareunia include vaginismus (involuntary clenching of the pelvic and surrounding muscles), provoked vestibulodynia (pain at the vestibule upon touch), pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, and endometriosis. The male partner should undergo a standard ED workup, including semen analysis, hormone testing, and related evaluations.

When sexual dysfunction is present, fertility treatment should begin with addressing the dysfunction itself. For female partners, treatment options may include pelvic floor physical therapy, vaginal dilator therapy, and botulinum toxin injections. Additionally, Dr. Yih recommends home insemination kits as an alternative when penetrative intercourse is difficult. She also advises that female patients consider not disclosing their fertility window to their partner, as doing so may increase pressure and anxiety for both individuals.

Ultimately, Dr. Yih emphasizes a multidisciplinary, couple-centered approach that acknowledges and addresses these significant yet often underrecognized aspects of sexual dysfunction in the context of fertility care.

At the second day of the 26th SMSNA Annual Fall Scientific Meeting, Dr. Bradley Gill provided an overview of current office-based, minimally invasive surgical therapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as supported by AUA guidelines.

Most approaches are tailored to prostate size, and patient goals  related to sexual function and fertility should also be considered. Dr. Gill emphasized one key phrase: “matching the right procedure to the right prostate and the right patient,” noting that not all BPH treatments and patients are created equal. Diagnosis should include ultrasound or CT scans, along with urodynamic tests when necessary.

Depending on the size of the patient's prostate and their individual goals, consider the following in-office treatments if the patient is comfortable with them: implantable temporary nitinol devices, UroLift, water vapor thermal therapy, and drug-coated balloon dilation. However, providers should be mindful of AUA-specific indications for each therapy.

At the second day of the 26th SMSNA Annual Fall Scientific Meeting, Dr. Brian Willoughby shared his research on pornography and its influence on mental health, along with his thoughts on the future of pornography.

Most research shows that pornography use peaks in young adulthood and declines with age, and that nearly twice as many men as women consume pornography. Other studies report that around half of surveyed couples use pornography together.

Dr. Willoughby discussed how the frequency of pornography consumption can affect mental health and relationships. More frequent use is associated with increasingly negative views toward sexual activity and partnerships. However, he noted an important caveat: the content and nature of the pornography consumed may contribute to more severe mental health outcomes. Generally speaking, there are few instances of compulsive sexual behavior such as this, which may involve more violent content and behaviors.

According to Dr. Willoughby, the future of pornography appears to be moving toward AI and deepfakes, which may have a greater impact on relationships and mental health, particularly depression and anxiety, than traditional pornography. Deepfakes allow for customized content with the face of a desired sexual partner, and AI companions are customizable in terms of personality and design, potentially making it more difficult for individuals to feel fully satisfied with real-life romantic partners.

At the first day of the 26th SMSNA Annual Fall Scientific Meeting, Dr. Eliza Burr discussed the effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists on female sexual function, and in respect to age group in two subsequent studies.

Dr. Burr’s first study revealed that a quarter of participants reported changes in sexual function, with half of those reports experiencing a distressing decrease in sexuaal function. Specifically, the results showed a statistically significant decrease in the domains of desire and arousal.

The second study revealed significant decreases in sexual function in the 31–40-year-old age group, with fewer reports of sexual dysfunction as age increased. This trend appears to correlate with hormonal changes across pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal groups. Given that the decrease in sexual function was consistent across age groups in women taking GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists, Dr. Burr posits that this may indicate a baseline level of sexual function among women on these medications.

Dr. Burr recommends further and more rigorous research into the effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists on female sexual function, as current findings remain inconsistent.